How to build the right welding PPE set - a guide

What shade does the auto-darkening filter need?

The auto-darkening filter (ADF) darkens within milliseconds when the arc strikes, protecting eyes and face from UV and IR radiation. The correct shade (DIN number) depends on the process and current and is governed by EN ISO 16321.

In the light state a good filter sits at shade 3 or 4; in the dark state it usually offers an adjustable range of 9 to 13 DIN. The higher the welding current, the darker the filter must switch. Also look for optical class 1/1/1/1 for distortion-free vision.

Which clothing to EN ISO 11611?

Welding protective clothing is graded into two classes under EN ISO 11611. Class 1 covers processes with low spatter, Class 2 applies to high thermal load such as MAG welding at high currents or overhead work.

• Class 1: manual processes with little spatter, up to about 200 A (e.g. light MMA, TIG).
• Class 2: high spatter and heat load, above 200 A and constrained positions (MAG, overhead).
• Split-leather apron and gauntlets for cutting and heavy welding work.
• Collar and sleeves close-fitting, no open pockets, no synthetic fibres on the outer layer.

Grain or split cowhide is the proven material for aprons, jackets and gauntlets: it is spark-resistant, heat-resistant and holds its shape. Flame-retardant cotton (moleskin) suits lighter work and higher wearing comfort.

Which glove category per process?

Welding gloves fall under PPE Category II or III and are split into Type A and Type B under EN 12477. Type A offers more heat and abrasion protection with less dexterity, Type B more dexterity for fine work.

• TIG: thin, supple goat or cowhide (Type B) for precise electrode control.
• MIG/MAG and MMA: sturdy split cowhide (Type A) with a long gauntlet.
• Gauntlet at least 15 cm over the wrist for protection during overhead welding.

Frequently asked questions