Choosing Hearing Protection: Plugs, Band or Muff?
From 80 dB(A) hearing protection must be available, from 85 dB(A) wearing it is mandatory. This guide compares earplugs, banded plugs and earmuffs, explains the SNR attenuation value to EN 352 and shows how to select by the real noise level.
View hearing protectionWhen is hearing protection required?
European noise regulations (Directive 2003/10/EC) set two action values. From a daily noise exposure of 80 dB(A) the employer must provide hearing protection; from 85 dB(A) wearing it becomes mandatory and the area must be marked. The reference is the level averaged over eight hours, LEX,8h.
The peak sound pressure level matters too: action is required from 135 dB(C), and the upper action value applies at 137 dB(C). Short, loud impulses such as hammer blows or compressed air can keep the average low yet still damage hearing, so a single number rarely tells the whole story.
- 80 dB(A): lower action value - provide protection, instruct staff, offer health surveillance.
- 85 dB(A): upper action value - wearing protection is mandatory, mark the noise area.
- 137 dB(C) peak: upper action value for impulse noise.
- Goal: the level at the wearer's ear must not exceed 85 dB(A).
Plugs, banded or muffs - which fits?
EN 352 defines three basic types. Earplugs (EN 352‑2) sit in the ear canal, banded plugs (EN 352‑2) close the canal entrance via a band, and earmuffs (EN 352‑1) enclose the whole ear. The right choice depends on noise level, wearing time and the working environment.
- Foam plugs are cheap, hygienic as disposables and ideal for continuous wear.
- Pre-moulded flanged plugs are reusable and easy to clean.
- Banded plugs suit workers who take protection on and off often.
- Muffs combine with a helmet and are more comfortable in cold or with ear infections.
- Custom-moulded plugs give consistent attenuation over long shifts.
How do you pick the right SNR value?
The SNR (Single Number Rating) states the mean attenuation in decibels. In simple terms you subtract it from the C-weighted noise level to estimate the level remaining at the ear. Alternatively, the HML values (High, Medium, Low) give a frequency-dependent assessment under EN 458.
- Real-world attenuation is often below the lab value - a practical deduction of 4 to 5 dB is realistic.
- Fit and wearing discipline matter more than any catalogue figure.
- For speech or signals, consider level-dependent or filtered plugs.
How to assemble the full PPE set at the workplace to standard.
Read the guideFrequently asked questions
What does the SNR value mean for hearing protection?
SNR (Single Number Rating) is the mean sound attenuation in decibels. In simple terms you subtract it from the C-weighted noise level to estimate the level at the ear. The target is 70 to 80 dB(A) at the ear.
At what noise level is hearing protection mandatory?
From the lower action value of 80 dB(A) the employer must provide hearing protection. From the upper action value of 85 dB(A) employees are required to wear it.
Earplugs or earmuffs - which is better?
Earplugs are more comfortable for continuous wear, heat and tight spaces. Muffs give high attenuation, go on quickly and suit occasional wear or very high levels. Both must match the real noise level.
Can you over-attenuate?
Yes. A level below roughly 70 dB(A) at the ear isolates the wearer too much and warning signals and communication are missed. EN 458 therefore recommends a target range of 70 to 80 dB(A) at the ear.
Looking for the right hearing protection?
We supply earplugs, banded plugs and earmuffs with tested attenuation to EN 352 - matched to the noise level at your workplace.
Standard-tested
All products meet EN 352 and are CE certified.
Correctly attenuated
Selection by SNR and real noise level, not guesswork.
Comfort in mind
For full-shift wear without over-protection.
Expert advice
We support your noise risk assessment.